Students will investigate how real people understand (and misunderstand) the Earth–Sun system by conducting structured interviews, documenting evidence, and creating empathy maps grounded in direct quotes. This research will anchor later problem definition and model design decisions.

Students will synthesize interview data from real users into a focused, evidence-based problem definition that guides their Earth–Sun system prototype design. They will identify patterns across misconceptions about rotation, tilt, seasons, climate, water cycle, and scale, and craft a clear How Might We statement grounded in user quotes.

Students will generate a wide range of user-centered solution ideas for explaining the Earth–Sun–Moon system, then narrow their thinking to 2–3 strong concepts grounded in real user needs and scientific accuracy. Teams will move from divergent brainstorming to evidence-based selection, producing annotated concept sketches that will guide rapid prototyping in the next phase.

Students will build and refine testable Earth–Sun–Moon system prototypes grounded in user research, conduct structured peer testing, and document feedback-driven revisions in preparation for presenting to authentic users.

Students will validate their refined Earth–Sun–Moon interactive exhibit with a new user, document feedback-driven insights, and present their full design story—from empathy research through prototype iterations—to an authentic audience at the Astronomical Art Exhibit.