Students will launch the design challenge by gathering respectful user evidence and distinguishing needs, preferences, constraints, and assumptions before proposing solutions.

Students will synthesize evidence from the empathy phase into an actionable, user-centered definition of the small-space design challenge.

Students will use user evidence and rapid mathematical checks to generate varied sleeping-and-study space concepts, exchange peer feedback, and select a promising direction for drafting.

Students will convert their selected concept into mathematical build specifications and create an initial scaled prototype addressing the essential question: How can we use mathematics to create affordable, comfortable sleeping and studying spaces for children in crowded or multigenerational households?

Students will prepare and conduct structured peer-user tests to determine how well their prototypes answer the essential question: How can we use mathematics to create affordable, comfortable sleeping and studying spaces for children in crowded or multigenerational households? They will collect evidence, revise one design feature, and document how user feedback and mathematical constraints shaped the change.

Students will critique two peers’ small-space designs, revise their own design using mathematical and user-centered evidence, and document how feedback strengthened their response to the essential question.

Students will showcase their affordable sleeping-and-study-space proposals, explain their mathematical and user-centered decisions, document feedback, and reflect on how their designs answer the essential question.