Students will build empathy for kindergarten readers and teachers by listening to bilingual stories, interviewing literacy specialists and teachers, and observing real literacy routines in order to understand which English and Spanish tier 2 and tier 3 words and phrases are most helpful during intervention.

Students will synthesize what they learned from kindergarten teachers and the literacy specialist to clearly define the specific vocabulary needs for a bilingual translation tool, create a child-friendly problem statement, and identify criteria for a successful English-to-Spanish literacy support resource.

Students will generate many possible designs for their English-to-Spanish Kindergarten Literacy Translation Toolkit by brainstorming, sketching, sorting, and selecting ideas that best support letter sounds, sight words, and comprehension during tier 2 and tier 3 intervention.

Students will build and refine testable versions of their English-to-Spanish Kindergarten Literacy Translation Toolkit and individual flip-books by creating physical prototypes, recording audio supports, and engaging in structured peer feedback cycles before user testing with educators in the next phase.

Students will test their English-to-Spanish translation tools with authentic users, gather feedback from literacy specialists and teachers, revise their flip-books and classroom toolkits, and present their final products and literacy growth data to families and educators.