Initial ideas
The Super-Speedy Enzyme Lab!
Your Mission: To investigate what makes enzymes tick.
Ever wonder how your body works so fast? Part of the secret is enzymes! Think of enzymes as tiny helpers in your cells that speed up chemical reactions. Without them, the processes that keep you alive would happen way too slowly.
In this lab, you'll get to know a specific enzyme called catalase. Its job is to break down a chemical called hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), which can be harmful to cells. Catalase is a superhero—it can break down millions of hydrogen peroxide molecules every second!
When catalase does its job, it splits hydrogen peroxide into two things that are completely harmless: plain old water (H₂O) and oxygen (O₂).
The reaction looks like this:
2H₂O₂ → 2H₂O + O₂
You'll know the reaction is happening because you'll see the oxygen gas escape as bubbles! The more bubbles you see, the faster the enzyme is working.
Part A: See Catalase in Action!
Let's watch what catalase normally does.
Procedure:
Add about 2 ml of hydrogen peroxide to a clean test tube.
Using forceps, add a small piece of liver to the test tube and gently push it into the liquid.
Observe! Watch the bubbles that form. This is the oxygen gas being released.
Let's rate the reaction speed on a scale of 0 to 5:
0 = No bubbles
1 = Very slow bubbling
3 = Steady bubbling
5 = Fast, furious bubbling (like soda!)
For this first step, let's assume the normal reaction rate is a 4.
Rate the Reaction: _________ (Should be 4)
Think About It:
Carefully touch the outside of the test tube. Does it feel warmer or colder?
Reactions that release heat are exothermic.
Reactions that absorb heat are endothermic.
So, is this reaction exothermic or endothermic? ____________________
Pour the liquid from the test tube into a new, clean test tube, leaving the liver behind. What is this liquid now? (Hint: look at the equation). If you add a new piece of liver to this same liquid, what do you think will happen? Give it a try!
My Prediction:
Reaction Rate: _________
Now, take the original test tube with the first piece of liver in it. Add another 2 ml of fresh hydrogen peroxide. What happens?
Reaction Rate: _________
Conclusion Question: Based on what you saw in step 3, can enzymes be reused, or do they get used up after one reaction?
What I Think (Claim):
What I Saw (Evidence):
Why It Happened (Reasoning):
Part B: Where Can We Find Catalase?
Is catalase only in liver, or is it in other living things too? Let's find out!
Procedure:
Set up 3 clean test tubes, each with 2 ml of hydrogen peroxide.
Add a small piece of the following to each tube:
Test Tube 1: Apple
Test Tube 2: Potato
Test Tube 3: Yeast
Observe the reactions and rate the bubbling for each one.
Substance
Rate of Reaction (0-5)
Apple
Potato
Yeast
Conclusion Question: Do all living tissues seem to contain catalase?
What I Think (Claim):
What I Saw (Evidence):
Why It Happened (Reasoning):
Part C: How Does Temperature Affect Enzymes?
Enzymes can be picky. Let's see if they like it hot, cold, or just right.
Procedure:
Boiling: Place a piece of liver in a test tube with a little water. Place the tube in a boiling water bath for 5 minutes.
What's Happening? Boiling an enzyme is like cooking an egg. The heat changes its shape, and it can't go back. This is called denaturing.
After 5 minutes, carefully remove the tube, pour out the hot water, and let the liver cool. Then, add 2 ml of hydrogen peroxide.
Reaction Rate (Boiled): _________
Chilling vs. Warming:
Prepare two test tubes with a piece of liver in each, and two more test tubes with 1 ml of hydrogen peroxide in each.
Place one liver tube and one peroxide tube in an ice bath.
Place the other liver tube and peroxide tube in a warm water bath (not boiling!).
After 3 minutes, pour the peroxide from the ice bath onto the liver from the ice bath. Do the same for the warm water bath set. Observe and rate the reactions.
Reaction Rate (Cold): _________
Reaction Rate (Warm): _________
Conclusion Question: How does temperature change how well catalase works?
What I Think (Claim):
What I Saw (Evidence):
Why It Happened (Reasoning):
Part D: Do Enzymes Care About pH?
Let's see if catalase works better in acidic, neutral, or basic (alkaline) conditions.
Procedure:
Set up 4 clean test tubes, each with 2 ml of hydrogen peroxide.
Add a few drops of the following to each tube:
Tube 1: Vinegar (an acid)
Tube 2: Baking soda solution (a base)
Tube 3: Water (neutral)
Tube 4: A strong base like NaOH (if available)
Now, add a small piece of liver to each tube. Try to add them at roughly the same time so you can compare them easily.
Condition
Rate of Reaction (0-5)
Acidic
Basic
Neutral
Strong Base
Conclusion Question: How does pH change the activity of catalase?
What I Think (Claim):
What I Saw (Evidence):
Why It Happened (Reasoning):